(b) Explain the concept of Macro-Processor. With the help of an example explain how a Macro is defined.
(c) Define concurrent processes. How is mutual exclusion handled by operating system ? Also, write the mutual exclusion algorithm.
(d) Write the UNIX commands for the following :
(i) To display the type and nature of information that is held in
a directory.
(ii) To remove a directory.
(iii) To print last 5 lines of a text file.
(iv) To sort the files tn alphabetical order of a directory.
(v) To kill a process using PID.
(vi) To print the status of all the processes.
Q.2. (a) Explain the function ol the software tool the YACC, which is used for compiler development.
(b) Write a shell program to find the sum of squares of N natural numbers.
Q.3. (a) Construct context free grarnmar for (i) assignment statement of 'C' language, (ii) if-then-else statement of 'C' language.
(b) With the help of a diagram, explain the address translation scheme in a segmented system.
Q.4. (a) With the help of diagram, explain the process of parsing. What is the output generated after parsing process ?
(b) Explain salient features of UMX system architecture. Also wite the functions performed in each layer.
Q.5. (a) What is a deadlock ? What are the essential conditions that characterise a deadlock ? How can the occurence of a deadlock be avoided with various strategies ?
(b) Write a shell program to swap the values of two variables.
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